21st Century Nuclear Power Station Construction Starts — North America and Western Europe
Plant Make Capacity (MW) Announced Initial works Initial projected completion Initial cost (bn) unadjusted Current projected completion Latest projected cost (bn) Gross multiplier (see note) USD (bn) USD/kW Years end-to-end Years late AUD (bn) AUD/W
Flamanville 3, France EPR 1650 2004 2006 2012 €2.8 2024 €19.4 6.9x $20.9 $12,670 20 12 $32.0 $19,385.5
Olkiluoto 3, Finland EPR 1600 2002 2004 2010 €3.2 2023 €11.0 3.4x $11.9 $7,409 21 13 $18.1 $11,335.3
Hinkley Point C, UK EPR 3260 2007 2014 2017 £16.0 2031 £46.0 2.9x $58.0 $17,782 24 14 $88.7 $27,206.6
Vogtle 3 & 4, GA, USA AP1000 2234 2006 2009 2016 $14.0 2024 $33.1 2.4x $33.1 $14,831 18 8 $50.7 $22,692.0
VC Summer 2 & 3, SC, USA AP1000 2234 2008 2009 2016 $9.8 cancelled $25.0 2.6x $25.0 $11,191 ∞ ∞ $38.3 $17,121.9
max $27,206.6
min $11,335.3
average $19,548.3
Exchange rates
EUR to USD 1.078 updated 18 Feb 24
STG to USD 1.260
AUD to USD 0.654
Flamanville 3 Figure Cost type Reference Note
announced: Oct-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20141014020153/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=14496
initial works: summer 2006 ibid.
initial completion: 2012 ibid.
initial cost: €2.8bn 2001€ OCC ibid. €3.48bn in 2015€, OCC
latest completion: 2024 https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/edf-announces-new-delay-flamanville-epr-reactor-2022-12-16/
latest cost: €19.1bn 2020€ final cost estimate https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2020/07/09/nucleaire-la-cour-des-comptes-ereinte-l-epr_6045707_3234.html
€300m 2022 cost increase https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Fresh-delay-to-Flamanville-blamed-on-impact-of-pan
Olkiluoto 3
announced: 2002 https://tem.fi/documents/1410877/2937056/Nuclear+Energy+in+Finland https://twitter.com/VTulkki/status/1304708131965067264?s=20
initial works: Feb-04 ibid.
initial completion: 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20070927094543/http://www.ol3.areva-np.com/project/chrono.htm
initial cost: €3.2bn 2012€ cost to vendor https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurea-long-and-winding-road-5671917/
latest completion: Mar-23 startup of permanent production https://www.marketscreener.com/news/latest/Finland-s-OL3-nuclear-power-reactor-postpones-restart--42961130/
latest cost: €11bn 2020€ final cost estimate https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/IMG/pdf/wnisr2019-v2-hr.pdf
Hinkley Point C
announced: 2007? https://www.reuters.com/article/us-edf-britain-nuclear-hinkley-timeline/timeline-britains-hinkley-point-c-nuclear-project-idUSKCN10E1JS Announcement by EDF Energy's CEO.
2007 https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hinkley-Point-C.pdf
initial works: May-14 ibid.
2011 https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hinkley-Point-C.pdf
initial completion: 2017? ibid.
initial cost: £16.0 2013£ OCC https://www.edfenergy.com/file/1405/download?token=gcM0D47gaHPuYvBZ7XqN0y_fjxKHLOvYuZJg1hoqRJc
latest completion: 2031 https://www.ft.com/content/55ef86b4-f55c-47a9-8121-c6c8cf6b5b18
latest cost: £46.0 2024£ ibid.
Vogtle
announced: June 2006 https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0902/ML090280033.pdf and MSR 11/2009
initial works: 2009 https://www.cmbg.org/papers/2018Presentations/Vogtle%2034%20Update%20-%20External.pptx
initial completion: 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20111227121317/http://southerncompany.com/nuclearenergy/SNCmedia/Vogtle_Media_Guide.pdf
initial cost: $14bn 2013$ reports https://www.ajc.com/business/vogtle-nuclear-project-take-longer-cost-more/gNRfHV6BSluTa4eDAUFIeL/
latest completion: 2023 https://www.ajc.com/news/local/georgia-vogtle-nuclear-report-more-delays-extra-costs-flaws/mBxlgXiDcf0SIaTFr0cZXL/
latest cost: $33.030bn VCM28 https://psc.ga.gov/search/facts-document/?documentId=193355
VC Summer
announced: Mar-08 https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/summer.html
initial works: 2009 https://ors.sc.gov/sites/default/files/Documents/Regulatory/electricNaturalGas/newNuclear/VCSummerUnits/quarterlyReports/ORS4thQtr31710.pdf
initial completion: 2016 https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newssummer-time-for-ap1000-721
initial cost: $9.8bn 2008$ OCC plus forecasted inflation, owner’s costs and contingencies ibid.
latest completion: cancelled 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/climate/nuclear-power-project-canceled-in-south-carolina.html
latest cost: $25bn 2017$ final cost estimate ibid.
note: Gross multiplier is a simple comparison between initial and latest costs. Both initial and latest cost may or may not include inflation, interest and owner's costs. Check sources.