Mass Detentions and Repression in Xinjiang: A Bibliography

[July 5, 2022 note: This bibliography is no longer being regularly or systematically updated.]

Bibliographies | Legal materials | Websites; document collections, and social media sites | Institutional reports, hearings, official & quasi-official statements, and documents | General information and commentary | News reports | Scholarly work

* Particularly informative material that you might otherwise overlook is marked with 👉. Check also any material more recent than the last marked with 👉. I may have fallen behind in categorizing.

* The dividing line between “General information and commentary” and “News reports” is somewhat subjective. The first category is intended to cover reports of and commentary on the general situation. The second is intended to cover reports of specific events. Most material goes in the first category.

* A “perma.cc” URL in square brackets indicates a permanently archived copy of the item in question.

* New material is added as it is found, according to its date of publication, and so may not appear at the top of the list in any given category. Users are encouraged to download this document in Word format and to use Word’s Compare function to view the differences between newer and older versions.

* Please send suggestions to [email protected].

Bibliographies (back to top)

* Nick Holdstock, The best books on the concentration camps in Xinjiang, Shepherd (undated [July 2021]) [https://perma.cc/DN8U-3MRK]

* Uyghur-language scholarship

* 👉Bibliography of select news reports and academic works: “China’s ‘re-education’ / concentration camps in Xinjiang/ East Turkistan” (compiled by Prof. Magnus Fiskesjö of Cornell University) (very extensive bibliography; over 1,770 pages as of Feb. 22, 2022)

* Online Work on Situation in Xinjiang, compiled by Kelly Hammond and Sophie Bonadeo

Legal materials (back to top)

Genocide

* Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, entered into force Jan. 12, 1951 [https://perma.cc/S356-TZQJ]

Crimes against humanity

* Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, entered into force July 1, 2002 [https://perma.cc/3ZEA-76FB]

Chinese law

* Decision to Revise the “Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Regulation on De-extremification” (关于修改《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》的决定), Oct. 9, 2018

* Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Implementing Measures of the “Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China” (新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》办法), Oct. 9, 2018

Websites, document collections, and social media sites (back to top)

* Uyghur-language scholarship (see under Bibliographies above)

* The Woke Global Times, Breaking Down the Xinjiang Crisis (ongoing)

* Translations of additional Chinese sources (ongoing)

* Uyghur Online (Ilham Tohti’s website, restored) (news story here)

* 👉University of British Columbia, Xinjiang Documentation Project

* Remy Hellstern & Jakub Mscichowski, The Xinjiang Documentation Project, Education About ASIA, vol. 26, no. 2 (Nov. 2021): 68-70 [https://perma.cc/5QSB-YWM3]

* 👉Australian Strategic Policy Institute, The Xinjiang Data Project (launched Sept. 24, 2020; periodically updated) (related news reports here and here)

* 👉Katherine Pfrommer and Ed Burke, Part 2: Geolocating Growth of Suspect “Boarding” Facilities in Xinjiang China, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, July 8, 2020 (periodically updated)

* 👉Katherine Pfrommer & Ed Burke, Geolocating Explosive Growth in Preschools in Western China due to ‘Re-education’ Policies, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, April 16, 2020 (periodically updated)

* Statement by Concerned Scholars on China’s Mass Detention of Turkic Minorities, Nov. 26, 2018 [https://perma.cc/T47F-BYV7] (open for signature)

* Website of the Xinjiang Initiative

* 👉Radio Free Asia archive of Uyghur-related reports

* Twitter account of Concerned Scholars of Xinjiang: @XJscholars

* Website of the Uyghur Human Rights Project

* 👉Database of detention camps (Australian Strategic Policy Institute)

* Location of camps and prisons (East Turkistan National Awakening Movement website)

* 👉Xinjiang Victims Database

Institutional reports, hearings, official & quasi-official statements, and documents (back to top)

* Fergus Ryan, Ariel Bogle, Nathan Ruser, Albert Zhang & Daria Impiombato, Borrowing mouths to speak on Xinjiang, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Dec. 10, 2021 [https://perma.cc/5LJQ-A3R9]

* Uyghur Tribunal, Judgment, Dec. 9, 2021 (as corrected, Jan. 10, 2022)

* MacIntosh Ross and 15 others, A Call to Boycott the 2022 Beijing Olympic Games and Establish Minimum Human Rights Standards for Olympic Hosts, Journal of Emerging Sport Studies, vol. 6 (2021) [https://perma.cc/VXL7-8X8Y]

* Erin Farrell Rosenberg (New Lines Institute), Gender and Genocide in the 21st Century: How Understanding Gender Can Improve Genocide Prevention and Response (Nov. 30, 2021) [https://perma.cc/7TKT-VV4T]

* Xinjiang Victims Database, Victim-Centered Primary Evidence for the Mass Incarcerations and Immense Rights Violations in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Nov. 30, 2021 [https://perma.cc/CAB7-AW2N]

* Uyghur Tribunal, Virtual Third Hearing, Nov. 27, 2021 (video)

* Uyghur Tribunal, previous hearings (video)

* United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “To Make Us Slowly Disappear”: The Chinese Government’s Assault on the Uyghurs, November 2021 [https://perma.cc/JX8K-YRTH]

* Laura T. Murphy et al., Laundering Cotton: How Xinjiang Cotton is Obscured in International Supply Chains (Sheffield Hallam University Helena Kennedy Centre, Nov. 2021)

* Online Annex A: Media Reports Regarding Forced Labor Accusations

* Online Annex B: Trade Data

* Online Annex C: Supply Chain Tracing

* Online Annex D: Corporate Responses

* Vicky Xiuzhong Xu, James Leibold & Daria Impiombato, The Architecture of Repression: Unpacking Xinjiang’s Governance, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Oct. 19, 2021 [https://perma.cc/5U5D-P747]

* Amnesty International, “Like we were enemies in a war”: China's mass internment, torture and persecution of Muslims in Xinjiang, June 2021 [https://perma.cc/4VPX-ZA9V] [Chinese version]

* Nathan Ruser and James Leibold, Family de-planning: The coercive campaign to drive down indigenous birth-rates in Xinjiang, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, May 2021 [https://perma.cc/ETA3-TJ78]

* The Uyghur Genocide: An Examination of China’s Breaches of the 1948 Genocide Convention, Newlines Institute, March 2021 [https://perma.cc/SRF9-Q7H6]

* William Yang, China is tearing apart ethnic minorities through forced labor transfer in Xinjiang, March 5, 2021 [https://perma.cc/H6GM-3V85]

* Heather Murdock & Brian Williamson, No Place Safe: One Uighur Man’s Journey from a Chinese Prison to Turkey, VOA News, March 2021 [https://perma.cc/S2JZ-4RTG]

* Adrian Zenz, Coercive Labor and Forced Displacement in Xinjiang’s Cross-Regional Labor Transfer Program, Jamestown Foundation, March 2021 [https://perma.cc/9NUU-G842]

* Eric Robinson & Sean Mann (RAND), Part 1: Investigating the Growth of Detention Facilities in Xinjiang Using Nighttime Lighting, Feb. 26, 2021

* Eric Robinson & Sean Mann (RAND), Part 2: Have Any of Xinjiang’s Detention Facilities Closed?, Feb. 26, 2021

* Eric Robinson & Sean Mann (RAND), Part 3: Explaining Variation in the Growth and Decline of Detention Facilities Across Xinjiang, Feb. 26, 2021

* Amy K. Lehr & Henry C. Wu, Addressing Forced Labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Center for Strategic and International Studies, February 2021 [https://perma.cc/ERZ5-S5T8]

* 👉Alison Macdonald QC, Jackie McArthur, Naomi Hart & Lorraine Aboagye (Essex Court Chambers), International Criminal Responsibility for Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide Against the Uyghur Population in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Jan. 26, 2021 [https://perma.cc/SZ4H-SVM8]

* Report Deepens Understanding of Uyghur Detainees’ Treatment in Xinjiang, Radio Free Asia, Feb. 2, 2021 [https://perma.cc/9NG2-6DCB] (announcement and summary of report)

* 👉Radio Free Asia, Trapped in the System: Experiences of Uyghur Detention in Post-2015 Xinjiang, February 2021 [https://perma.cc/6GB4-7ZYM] (text of report)

* Panel discussion of report, Feb. 3, 2021 (video)

* Michael R. Pompeo, Determination of the Secretary of State on Atrocities in Xinjiang, Jan. 19, 2021 [https://perma.cc/VUB4-HHLE]

* Michael R. Pompeo, Genocide in Xinjiang, Wall Street Journal, Jan. 19, 2020

* Amy K. Lehr & Mariefaye Bechrakis, Combatting Human Rights Abuses in Xinjiang, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Dec. 2020 [https://perma.cc/MF5U-EGX4]

* Adrian Zenz, Coercive Labor in Xinjiang: Labor Transfer and the Mobilization of Ethnic Minorities to Pick Cotton, Center for Global Policy, Dec. 2020 [https://perma.cc/KZ5T-Q39K]

* Human Rights Watch, China: Big Data Program Targets Xinjiang’s Muslims, Dec. 9, 2020 [https://perma.cc/M29L-7GZV]

* List of Uyghur Intellectuals Imprisoned in China from 2016 (last updated Oct. 25, 2020)

* House of Commons, Canada, Statement by The Subcommittee on International Human Rights Concerning the Human Rights Situation of Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang, China, Oct. 21, 2020 [https://perma.cc/9UA7-YFRF] (related document here)

* 👉Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Nations, Statement by Ambassador Christoph Heusgen on behalf of 39 Countries in the Third Committee General Debate, October 6, 2020 [https://perma.cc/6UUS-67YH]

* Jude Blanchette, Xi Jinping’s Vision for Xinjiang, Center for Strategic & International Studies, September 2020 [https://perma.cc/F5R9-L72K] [PDF version] (introduction to, and translation of, Chen Hong (陈宏), Studying and Understanding the Essentials and Meaning of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (学习领会习近平总书记治疆方略的要义和内涵), Oct. 9, 201